Join The Year-Up Program Essay Sample Essays

Join The Year-Up Program Essay Sample Essays Join The Year-Up Program Essay Sample Paper Join The Year-Up Program Essay Sample Paper I can say the reason I want to join the year-up program is that I am young and very devoted to learning new things. Also, I have reached that point in my life when I realize that I have to be more independent, responsible, and mature. I have to make my own smart decisions to determine how successful Ill be in life. The reason I think I am a good candidate for this year-up program is that Im used to the two terms hard work and determination. The reason I say this is because I started this school on the Southside of Chicago Christian Fenger High School. As I began to go there I realized that high school, in particular, wasnt pushing me to my full potential. I needed something that would push me to my highest limit. My road to the year-up program So I started to look around for better schools in the area. That is when I ran across DeVry Advantage Academy High School. Its a program that gave me the opportunity to graduate with my college degree in Network Systems Administration when I graduate from high school. And Boy did I pick a school, DeVry pushed me to limits that I never thought I had. Coming from a different background I was very quiet and antisocial my junior year at DeVry because I didn’t know how to talk to other races of people, It was a big step and a big change for me. But as I started to go to the program I started to warm up to the idea and the people that I was going to school with on a daily basis was pretty cool. I have learned a lot about different culture and ethnicity. At DeVry, I can’t say that I have made friends I have made the family. There are many words that I could give you to describe me but there is one word in particular that I could say that stands out from the rest, and that word is dedication. My motivation to the year-up program When I start something I stick with it to the end, no matter how many people doubt or look down on me I will always stay strong until the end. I have overcome so much in my life to just give up now; when I was 15 years old I lost my mother to cancer. This left me emotionally scared because I was very close to my mother ( Best Friend) and the thought of never seeing her again just killed me inside. As time passed I stopped really caring about a lot of things, such as school and even my own safety. I started to get into a lot of fights and really didn’t care much for school work. I cut myself from friends and family and just stayed to myself. Until one day I heard my father in his room crying it was kind of a shock to hear him that way because I never heard him cry before. Then I realized that I wasn’t the only person that lost someone special. My father was left with 4 children to take care of all by him, I had to realize that he didn’t have help anymore that he had to be the mother and father of the house and the things I was doing was just adding on to the stress from my mother passing away. So then I asked myself the most life-changing questions that I have ever asked myself what would my mother want?, what do I really want out of life? This caused me to go to school do all my work and even start communicating with my family and friends again. Then I realized that I really enjoy learning new things and advancing intellectually. I can say that my worst fear is being a failure Being a grown man wishing I finished high school or college, stressed out trying to figure how I’m about to pay my rent for next month and not being able to provide and help my family when they really need it. Both sister and my brother and even my father have recently had children. This has made life a little more stressful and hard. My brother and sisters have dropped out of college and started work at minimum wage jobs to provide for their children. I sometimes wish I could show them that their lives don’t have to stop here. And show my father that he is not alone and show him that I can be that man that he and mother raised me to be.

Attribution or Reporting Clause in Writing

Attribution or Reporting Clause in Writing Attribution also called a  reporting clause in academia, is the identification of the speaker or source of written material. It is commonly  expressed in words like she said, he shouted or he asks or the name of the source and the appropriate verb. Sometimes this attribution identifies the tone as well as who made the statement. Both direct and indirect quotes require attribution. Good Writing Definition In The Facts on File Guide to Good Writing from 2006, Martin H. Manser discusses attribution. The positioning of attribution discussed here for an indirect quote is not written in stone; many good writing authorities, particularly in journalism, prefer that attribution comes at the end of the quote, regardless of whether it is direct or indirect. This is one opinion. The  reporting clause  consists of a subject and a verb of speaking or writing, as well as any other related information Roger said; answered Tom; they shouted angrily. In  indirect  speech,  the reporting clause always precedes the reported clause, but indirect  speech, it may be placed before, after, or in the middle of the reported clause. When it is inserted after or in the middle of the reported clause, it is set off by commas, and the verb is often placed before the subject said his mother; replied Bill. When the reporting clause is placed at the beginning of the sentence, it is usual to follow it with a comma or colon, which appears before the opening quotation marks. When a text has two or more people involved in a conversation, it is common for the reporting clause to be omitted once it has established whose turn it is to speak: What do you mean by that? demanded Higgins.What do you think I mean? responded Davies.Im not sure.Let me know when you are. Note also that the convention of beginning a new paragraph with each new speaker aids in distinguishing the individuals in a conversation. Omitting  the Word That David Blakesley and Jeffrey Hoogeveen discuss the use of the word that in quotations in The Thomson Handbook (2008). You may have noticed that that is sometimes absent from  reporting clauses. The decision to omit that is based on several factors. Informal contexts and academic writing, that  is generally included. That  can be omitted when (1) the subject of  the  that complement is a pronoun, (2) the reporting clause and  the that clause  Ã‚  have the same subject, and/or (3) the writing context is informal. Heres an example from Cormac McCarthys The Crossing (1994):She said that  she thought the land was under a curse and asked him for his opinion, but  he said  he knew little of the country. About the Word Said Heres what eminent grammarian Roy Peter Clark said the word said in Writing Tools: 50 Essential Strategies for Every Writer (2006): Leave said  alone. Dont be tempted by the muse of variation to permit characters to opine, elaborate, cajole or chortle. Examples of Attribution From The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald  (1925) [Gatsby] broke off and began to walk up and down a desolate path of fruit rinds and discarded favors and crushed flowers.I wouldnt ask too much of her, I ventured. You cant repeat the past.Cant repeat the past? he cried incredulously. Why of course you can!He looked around him wildly, as if the past were lurking here in the shadow of his house, just out of reach of his hand.Im going to fix everything just the way it was before, he said, nodding determinedly. Shell see.   From Wise Blood, Flannery OConnor (1952) I reckon you think you been redeemed, he said. Mrs. Hitchcock snatched at her collar.I reckon you think you been redeemed, he repeated.She blushed. After a second she said yes, life was an inspiration and then she said she was hungry and asked if he didnt want to go into the diner.

Heritage Assessment in Health Promotion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Heritage Assessment in Health Promotion - Essay Example Upon interviewing three families from different cultural backgrounds, it became obvious that the differences in health practices are sometimes rooted in religious beliefs, which is of course, a large part of the culture. An effective health care provider has to understand that some people from certain cultural backgrounds may be more sensitive regarding their health practices and beliefs, particularly if it has a religious basis. For example, an Orthodox Jewish woman recounted her story when she gave birth to her first child. She went through long and severe labor pains that were eased only by consistent back rubs. Her husband could not touch her because according to Orthodox Jewish beliefs, women undergoing labor are â€Å"unclean†. Her husband and the attending nurse at that time had a minor argument regarding who should continue her back rubs, with the nurse believing that the husband could help since the nurse had other patients to attend to. She also mentioned that women should only do the caring for the sick. Consequently, it is not acceptable for men to attend to women who had just given birth. Food intake is also different, as Jewish people has a specific standard for acceptable foods, making sure that everything is â€Å"Kosher† (a symbol ensuring that food is prepared in line with the Orthodox Jewish regulations). (Galanti, 2008, p.82). Another example is stated by a traditional Muslim female from Abu Dhabi. This woman mentioned that they are particular in their food intake, just like the Jews, ensuring that everything is â€Å"Halal† (a symbol ensuring that food is prepared according to Muslim law) (Galanti, 2008, p.87). This could pose a concern, for example, in determining a patient’s diet, as the medical practitioner should guarantee that the diet plan coincides with the patient’s beliefs and lifestyle. Health conditions are also referred to gender-specific doctors (male doctors for male patients and female doctors for female patients), and health care is only acceptable from same-gender caregivers. According to the interviewee, even in emergencies, some traditional Muslims could demand medical attention to be provided only under acceptable Islamic conditions. Another good example is provided by a Chinese exchange student who grew up in Mainland China. She mentioned t hat her family is very traditional when it comes to health care. HERITAGE ASSESSMENT 4 She

Joseph Nathan Oliver Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Joseph Nathan Oliver - Essay Example These instruments include cornet and trumpet for melody input, trombone, percussion, and tuba for rhythm in music. Also, used is the clarinet for counterpoint production, drums, contrabass, piano, guitar, and banjo, and later saxophones. Most of these were obtained from the military band (Gushee 45). Jazz music formed a uniting point for all races, as people played it from all races in the world. Joe worked with and transformed a number of marching band groups. Examples of such include the Kid Ory, Bill Johnson’s original Creole Orchestra, The onward Brass band, the Olympia, the eagle band, and the original superior. He also founded King Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band where he invited Louis Armstrong and others like Lil Hardin, Johnny Dodds, Baby Dodds, and Honore Dutrey. After their breakup, Oliver King went on to belong to other bands, like Dave Peyton’s band which he renamed Dixie Syncopators (Gushee 260). Oliver ‘king’ was known for his expertise in t he cornet playing as aforementioned. He was raised in New Orleans, which was recognized for its musical vibrancy. This jazz musician produced ‘hot jazz’ sounds, as his music came to be referred to later. In jazz music, Oliver King was famed for using mutes, derbies, cups, and bottles to modify the sound of his cornet. His style was that of producing rhythm that was four square and a melody that was clipped. This made him unique since the other cornetists, including Louis Armstrong, played an irregularly thus contrasting them. In addition to this, Oliver king was also famous for the production of a wild array of sounds from his horn. His performance in Wa Wa Wa and the styles he used to enhance such performance gave rise to the ‘wa-wa effect’ in Jazz music, which further assisted in making him stand out from among other cornetists and other jazz musicians (Gushee 262). He acted as Louis Armstrong’s mentor, who, later rises to fame and is still known i n the jazz world. After the breakup of King Oliver Jazz Band, Joe went ahead to produce two duets with Jelly Roll Morton, a pianist. The duets were King Porter and Tom Cat, both with Piano accompaniment. Apart from playing the cornet and founding bands, Oliver King also wrote music for his bands. Some of the music he wrote include, Sweet like this, Dippermouth Blues Doctor Jazz and Canal Street blues. Oliver’s Dippermouth blues is without a doubt one of the most notable and memorable performance by the fallen king. Both Oliver king and Louis Armstrong composed this piece while they were in King Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band. The two were on the cornets while William Johnson played the banjo; Baby Dodds played the drums and Honore Dutrey played the trombone. The clarinetist was Johnny Dodds while Lil Hardin played the piano. This piece was recorded in 1923, in Richmond, Indiana (Gushee 263). Dippermouth blues starts with a four- bar lead that is diminished, which, progresse s to a meandering ride over the hills, of two chorus. An ostinato motor of one bar guides all this. There is a repetitive function of all the parts of the instruments, including the trombone and the clarinet, which offers support for the lead cornet. This is proceeded by a stop time solo of the clarinet. After another ensemble, Oliver’s prowess is displayed as he plays a three chorus muted cornet solo. Together with the band, Oliver king presents a moving show that demands attention. In fact, his

Mental Health: Concepts of Race and Gender

Mental Health: Concepts of Race and Gender Mental distress/disorder as a function of the society we live in: implications for the practice of mental health social work in terms of gender and race Introduction Mental illness/disorder/distress is a rather ambiguous umbrella term for describing a wide range of diverse disorders of the mind. According to the Oxford Medical Dictionary, mental illness is â€Å"a disorder of one or more of the functions of the mind (such as emotion, perception, memory, or thought), which causes suffering to the patient or others† (Oxford Medical Dictionary, 2007). The global burden of mental illness was estimated at 12.3% at the beginning of the millennium and is expected to rise even further in the next decade (Murray and Lopez, 1997; Patel et al, 2006). Critical perspectives that refute the biological definitions of mental illness started to arise in the 1960s. Szasz (1961) and other critical theorists have continually challenged the classification of normal and abnormal behavioural categories, and focused instead on the role of social factors on the development of mental illness (Martin, 2003). Key among these factors are gender, race and ethnicity, sexual preference, age and class. Apart from several medical theories that explain the aetiology of mental illness with neurological chemical imbalances, the actual causes of such psychological disorders are largely unknown. However, as outlined above, there are myriad known factors that trigger or prompt such mental impairment. Work stress and work-related psychosocial conditions, for example, plays an important role in self-reported mental health (Kopp M et al, 2008). Furthermore, gender is generally accepted as a significant risk factor for the development of mental distress. The World Health Organization acknowledges that a large majority of common mental health diseases are more frequently reported in the female gender than in their male counterparts. As an example – common psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety are predominant in women. Conversely, there are other disorders of the mind that are more common in men. These include, but are not limited to, substance misuse (including alcohol dependence) and antisocial personality disorder (The World Health Organization). Nevertheless, there are no reported differences in the incidence of some severe mental disorders, like schizophrenia, in men and women. In addition to the gender-related differences documented in the incidence of these disorders, there have also been reported differences in terms of the epidemiology and severity – age of onset, symptom frequency, soci al adjustment, prognosis and trajectory of the illness. The World Health Organization proffers possible explanation for the observed differences between genders – men and women have differential withstanding power over socioeconomic determinants of their mental health, social position, status and treatment in society and their susceptibility and exposure to specific mental health risks (The World Health Organization). Similarly, race could also be a determining factor for the development of mental illness. In addition, mental illness in some races, e.g. black and minority ethnic (BME) groups can be further exacerbated by alleged discrepancies in the mental health services available to this potentially vulnerable groups of patients (Ferns P, 2008). A possibly rational explanation for the reason behind any disparities in mental health across diverse races could be the societal differences that are inherent to various cultural backgrounds. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the social factors that can prompt mental distress, especially in women and people from BME populations, and to rationalise how these factors may actually pathologise the discourse of mental health. Mental Illness in Women The natural subordinate role of women and gender stereotypes in most societies makes them prone to disorders of the mind. Psychoanalytic theories believe that patriarchy-based communities are associated with a higher rate of mental illness in women (Olfman S, 1994). These supremacy-governed organisations in which men are largely in control leave women with a consistent feeling of repression, which could culminate in mental distress. Indeed, in some extreme societies, women with more independent views who express anger or dissatisfaction with the standard patriarchal social structure are often seen as having psychological problems (Martin, 2003). According to The World Health Organization, gender-specific roles, negative life occurrences and stressors can adversely affect mental health. Clearly the impact of the latter factors (i.e. life experiences and stressors) is in no way exclusive to the female gender. However, it is the nature of some events that are sometimes commonplace in women’s lives that could account for the documented gender-related differences. Risk factors for mental illness that mainly affect women include women-targeted violence, financial difficulties, inequality at work and in the society, burdensome responsibility, pregnancy-related issues, oppression, discrimination, and abuse. There is a linear correlation between the frequency and severity of such social factors and the frequency and severity of female mental health problems. Adverse life events that initiate a sense of loss, inferiority, or entrapment can also predict depression (The World Health Organization). Furthermore, in a domino-effect way some female factors can also lead to mental illness, not just in the individual concerned, but also in subsequent generations and/ or interacting family and friends. For example – maternal depression has been shown to be associated with failure of children to strive in the community, which in turn could culminate in delays in the developmental process and subsequent psychological or psychiatric problems (Patel et al, 2004). In the past three decades, the debate of women and mental health illness and their treatment in mental health services has been quite controversial (Martin J, 2003). From a social constructionist point of view, it is believed that some women are wrongly labelled as ‘mentally ill’ merely because they do not accept certain (usually unfair and unfounded) gender-related stereotypical placement in the society. In this often-cited and somewhat controversial book chapter by Jennifer Martin (Mental health: rethinking practices with women) she expresses great concern for the biological explanations of mental health which have the tendency to lay undue emphasis on the female reproductive biology that supposedly leads to a predisposition to mental illness. Such sexist notions tend to disproportionately highlight female conditions such as pre-menstrual tension, post-natal depression and menopause, in a bid to foster the notion that women are at higher risk of developing mental distr ess (Martin J, 2003). Instead of this allegedly short-sighted approach to the medicalisation of mental health in women, feminist theorists focus on female mental illness as a function of the lives they are made to live within patriarchal, and often oppressive, societies. Women are disadvantaged – both socially and psychologically – by these unreasonably subservient role expectations (Martin J, 2003). Mental Illness and Race The United Kingdom (UK) is a home to a very diverse and multicultural population, and BME communities make up approximately 7.8% of the total UK population (Fernando S, 2005). There are innate differences in the presentation, management and outcome of mental illness between the different races and ethnic groups (Cochrane R and Sashidharan S, 1996; Coid J et al, 2002; Bhui K et al, 2003). In a recent policy report for the UK Government Office of Science, Jenkins R et al, (2008) explained that while some mental disorders appear to be more common in the BME populations, others are not. In addition, incidence rates of different mental disorders also vary among different ethnic groups within the BME populations. For example, depression is increasingly common in the Irish and Black Caribbeans, but not necessarily in the Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi sub-populations (Jenkins R et al, 2008). In the UK, the risk of suicide also varies by gender as well as ethnicity, with Asian men and Black Carribeans having lower rates than the general UK population, and Asian women having higher rates. Similarly, the incidence of psychoses is not uniformly elevated in all BME groups – the highest incidence is seen in Black Caribbean and Black African groups in the UK, (4 – 10 times the normal rates seen in the White British group) (Jenkins R et al, 2008). In a retrospective case-control study of a representative sample of more than 22,000 deceased individuals, Kung et al (2005) highlighted important disparities in mental health disorders, such as substance misuse, depressive symptoms and mental health service utilisation as possible determinants of suicidal behaviours and/ or attempts. Also, clear associations have been demonstrated between racism and the higher rates of mental illness among BME groups (McKenzie K, 2004). The rising incidence of suicides in some developing countries, as seen with Indian farmers, South American indigenes, alcohol-related deaths in Eastern Europe, and young women in rural China, can be partly attributed to economic and social change in these nations (Sundar M, 1999; Phillips M et al, 1999). Pre-, peri- and post-migratory experiences can be major stressor determinants for the development of mental health illness (Jenkins R et al, 2008). Therefore, in order to understand the differences in these populations, it is of utmost importance to gain some insight into their cultural backgrounds and the happenings in their countries of origin all of which could be determinants of mental health. There is a direct relationship between social change and mental health and, in the recent past, many developing countries have undergone incomparable, fast-paced social and economic changes. As Patel et al (2006) have pointed out, such economic upheavals commonly go hand-in-hand with ruralà ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­urban migration and disruptive social and economic networks. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that The World Health Organization has acknowledged that such changes can cause sudden disruptive changes to social factors, such as income and employment, which can directly affect individuals and ultimately lead to an increased rate of mental disorders. Also Alean Al-Krenawi of the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev has extensively explored how exposure to political violence has influenced the mental health of Palestinian and Israeli teenagers (Al-Krenawi A, 2005). Al-Krenawi goes on to emphasise that the concept of mental health in the Arab world is a multi-faceted one and is often shaped not only by the socio-cultural-political aspects of the society, but also by the spiritual and religious beliefs. In addition, the perception of racial discrimination has been identified as a significant contributory factor to poor mental and overall health in BME groups – even more important that the contribution of socio-economic factors (Jenkins R et al, 2008). It is disheartening to note that institutionalised and/ or constitutional racism is rife in the conceptual systems that are employed in the provision of mental health services (Wade J, 1993; Timimi S, 2005). Implications for the Practice of Mental Health Social Work In general, people suffering from mental illnesses receive substandard treatment from medical practitioners both in the emergency room and in general treatment, and insurance coverage policies are usually unequal compared with their mentally balanced counterparts (McNulty J, 2004). For BME populations, especially Black and Asians, access and utilisation of mental health services are very different from those recorded for White people (Lloyd P and Moodley P, 1992; Bhui K, 1997). Exploring the pathway to care in mental health services, Bhui K and Bhugra D (2002) highlight that the most common point of access to mental health services for some BME groups is through the criminal justice system, instead of their general practitioner, as would be the case in their White counterparts. Major areas in which institutional racism is rife in the provision of mental health services to BME patients include mental health policy, diagnosis and treatment (Wade J, 1993). For example, Black patients with mental illness are more likely to be treated among forensic, psychiatric and detained populations (Coid J et al, 2002; Bhui K et al, 2003) and are also disproportionately treated with antipsychotic medication than psychotherapy (McKenzie K et al, 2001). Having said this, it is important to differentiate between racial bias and the consideration of racial and ethnic differences. In fact, ignoring these essential differences could actually be seen as a different type of bias (Snowden L, 2003). Already, members of the BME population face prejudice and discrimination; this is doubled when there is the additional burden of mental illness, and is one of the major reasons why some of these patients choose not to seek adequate treatment (Gary F, 2005). As such, stigma arising from racism can be a significant barrier to treatment and well-being, and interventions to prevent this should be prioritised. It is therefore also of utmost importance that institutional racism be eliminated. As far back as 1977, Rack described some of the practical problems that arise in providing mental health care in a multicultural society. These include, but are not limited to: language, diagnostic differences, treatment expectations and acceptability. Some effort has been made to address some of these problems in England, by the development of projects for minority ethnic communities both within the statutory mental health services and in non-governmental sector (Fernando S, 2005). In addition, overcoming language barriers should help in eliminating racial and ethnic disparities towards achieving equal access and quality mental health care for all (Snowden L et al, 2007). The World Health Organization also draws attention to similar bias against the female gender in the treatment of mental disorders. Doctors are generally more likely to diagnose depression in women than in men, even with patients that present with similar symptoms and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) scores. Probably as a result of this bias, doctors are also more likely to prescribe mood-altering psychotropic drugs to women. Considering that immigrants and women separately face challenges with the provision of mental health care, it is expected that immigrant women would have even more setbacks, owing to their double risk status. Using Kleinman’s explanatory model, O’Mahony J and Donnelly T (2007) found that this unfortunate patient group face many obstacles due to cultural differences, social stigma spiritual and religious beliefs and practices, and unfamiliarity with Western medicine. However, the study did also highlight some positive influences of immigrant women’s cultural backgrounds, which could be harnessed in the management of these patients. To effectively target and treat the diverse population that commonly present with mental illness in the UK, it is necessary to promote interculturalisation, i.e. â€Å"the adaptation of mental health services to suit patients from different cultures† (De Jong J and Van Ommeren M, 2005). Hollar M (2001) has developed an outline for the use of cultural formulations in psychiatric diagnosis, and advocates for the inclusion of the legacy of slavery and the history of racism to help understand the current healthcare crisis, especially in the Black population. Conclusion As we have discussed extensively in this paper, females and patients of BME origin are commonly disadvantaged in the treatment of mental illnesses. Mental healthcare professionals need to eliminate all bias in the treatment of these patients, while at the same time, taking into consideration their inherent differences to ensure that mental health services provided are personalised to suit the individual patient. References Al-Krenawi A. Editorial: mental health issues in Arab society. Israeli Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences 2005; 42 (2): 71. Bhui K. Service provision for London’s ethnic minorities. In London’s Mental Health, London: King’s Fund (1997). Bhui K and Bhugra D. Mental illness in Black and Asian ethnic minorities: pathways to care and outcomes. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 2002; 8: 26 – 33. Bhui K, Stansfeld S, Hull S, Priebe S, Mole F, Feder G. Ethnic variations in pathways to specialist mental health care: a systematic review. The British Journal of Psychiatry 2003; 182: 5 – 16. Cochrane R and Sashidharan S. Ethnicity and health: reviews of the literature and guidance for purchasers in the areas of cardiovascular disease, mental health, and haemoglobinopathies. York: University of York, 1996: 105 – 126 (part 3). Coid J, Petruckevitch A, Bebbington P, Brugha T, Brugha D, Jenkins R, et al. Ethnic differences in prisoners. 1: criminality and psychiatric morbidity. The British Journal of Psychiatry 2002; 181: 473 – 480. De Jong J and Van Ommeren M. Mental health services in a multicultural society: interculturalisation and its quality surveillance. Transcultural Psychiatry 2005; 42 (3): 437 – 456. Fernando S. Multicultural mental health services: projects for minority ethnic communities in England. Transcultural Psychiatry 2005; 42 (3): 420 – 436. Ferns P. The bigger picture. If racism exists in society, then surely it must influence mental health services. Mental Health Today 2008 March; 20. Gary F. Stigma: barrier to mental health care among ethnic minorities. Issues in Mental Health Nursing 2005; 26 (10): 979 – 999. Hollar M. The impact o0f racism on the delivery of healthcare and mental services. Psychiatric Quarterly 2001 Winter; 72 (4): 337 – 345. Jenkins R, Meltzer H, Jones P, Brugha T, Bebbington P, Farrell M, Crepaz-Keay D and Knapp M. Foresight Mental Capital and Wellbeing Project. Mental health: Future challenges. The Government Office for Science, London (2008). Kopp M, Stauder A, Purebl G, Janszky I, Skrbski A. Work stress and mental health in a changing society. European Journal of Public Health 2008; 18(3): 238 – 244. Kung H, Pearson J, Wei R. Substance use, firearm availability, depressive symptoms, and mental health service utilization among white and Africa-American suicide decedents aged 15 to 64 years. Annals of Epidemiology 2005; 15 (8); 614 – 621. Lloyd P and Moodley P. Psychotropic medication and ethnicity: an inpatient survey. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 1997; 27: 95 – 101. Martin E ed. (2007). Oxford Concise Colour Medical Dictionary. Oxford University Press; 4th edition, page 445. Martin J (2003). Mental health: rethinking practices with women in Critical social work: an introduction to theories and practices. By Bob Pease, June Allan, Linda Briskman. Published by Allen Unwin, 2003 ISBN 1865089079, 9781865089072. McKenzie K, Samele C, Van Horn E, Tattan T, Van Os J, Murray R. Comparison of the outcome and treatment of psychosis in people of Carribean origin living in the UK and British Whites. Report from the UK700 trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry 2001; 178: 160 – 165. McKenzie K. Tackling the root cause: there are clear links between racism and the higher rates of mental illness among ethnic minority groups. Mental Health Today 2004; 30 – 32. McNulty J. Commentary: mental illness, society, stigma and research. Schizophrenia Bulletin 2004; 30 (3): 573 – 575. Murray C, Lopez A. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990 – 2020: global burden of disease study. The Lancet 1997; 349: 1498 – 1504. O’Mahony J and Donnelly T. The influence of culture on immigrant women’s mental health care experiences from the perspectives of health care providers. Issues in Mental Health Nursing 2007; 28 (5): 453 – 471. Olfman S. Gender, patriarchy, and womens mental health: psychoanalytic perspectives. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis 1994; 22: 259 à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­ 271. Patel V, Rahman A, Jacob K, Hughes M. Effect of maternal mental health in infant growth in low income countries: new evidence from South Asia. The British Medical Journal 2004; 328: 820 à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­ 823. Patel V, Saraceno B, Kleinman A. Beyond evidence: the moral case for international mental health. The American Journal of Psychiatry 163: 8; 1312 – 1315. Phillips M, Liu H, Zhang Y. Suicide and social change in China. Cultural Medical Psychiatry 1999; 23: 25 – 50. Rack P. Some practical problems in providing a psychiatric service for immigrants. Mental Health Soc 1977; 4 (3à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ­4): 144 – 151. Snowden L. Bias in mental health assessment and intervention: theory and evidence. American Journal of Public Health 2003; 93 (2): 239 – 243. Snowden L, Masland M, Guerrero R. Federal civil rights policy and mental health treatment access for persons with limited English proficiency. American Psychology 2007; 62 (2): 109 – 117. Szasz (1961) in Martin J (2003). Mental health: rethinking practices with women in Critical social work: an introduction to theories and practices. By Bob Pease, June Allan, Linda Briskman. Published by Allen Unwin, 2003 ISBN 1865089079, 9781865089072. Sundar M. Suicide in farmers in India. The British Journal of Psychiatry 1999; 175: 585 – 586. The World Health Organization. Gender and womens mental health: Gender disparities and mental health: The Facts. [WWW] Available online at http://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/genderwomen/en/ (Accessed Friday November 15th 2008). Timimi S. Institutionalised racism lies at the heart of the conceptual systems we use in psychiatry. Mental Health Today 2005; 21. Wade J. Institutional racism: an analysis of the mental health system. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 1993; 63 (4): 536 – 544. Cervical Cancer: Types, Causes and Cures Cervical Cancer: Types, Causes and Cures By: Omar Abdulle What is Cervical Cancer? Cervical cancer is a disease that affects the cervix of the female reproductive system. The cervix is located in the lower part of the uterus; it connects the vagina to the uterus. Cervical cancer can be classified to two types, Squamous cell carcinomasand Adenocarcinomas. Squamous cell carcinomas account for 80-90 % of all cervical cancer cases. Meanwhile, Adenocarcinomas in found in the glandular cells of the cervix makes up for 10-20% of cervical cancer cases.1 Most cervical cancer starts in the cells in the transformation zone. The cells do not immediately change into cancer. The normal cells of the cervix slowly develop benign tumours that turn into cancer. Only some of the women with pre-cancerous tumours in the cervix will develop cancer. It normally takes several years for benign tumours to turn into malignant tumours. Statistics indicate that 1,500 Canadian women will be diagnosed with cervical cancer in 2016. An estimated 400 will die from it.2 Causes Most cases of cervical cancer are caused by a high-risk type of HPV. HPV is a virus that is passed from person to person through genital contact, such as vaginal, anal, or oral sex. If the HPV infection does not go away on its own, it may cause cervical cancer over time.3 The viruses in the sexual transmitted (HPV) trigger abnormal behavior in the cervical cells causing pre-cancerous conditions. Risk factors Many sexual partners. Early sexual activity. Weak immune system. Smoking. Detection and Diagnosing Detecting Cervical cancer that is detected early can be treated successfully. Doctors recommend regular screening to detect any abnormal cells in the cervix. During screening Doctors will conduct Pap tests to find out the DNA of the cervical cells. The purpose of Pap test is to spot the cancer cells in the cervix. If not diagnosed with cervical cancer, doctors highly suggest continuing screening as risks of getting cervical cancer are high. Diagnosing If cancerous cells are found in the cervix, Doctors will perform the following tests to examine the cervix. The tests are; Punch Biopsy Involves a sharp tool to pinch off cervical tissue for further examination. Endocervical curettage small spoon-shaped instrument to brush a tissue sample from the cervix. The final stage of detecting and diagnosing cervical cancer is called staging. At this point, Doctors have determined you have cervical cancer. Staging can be divided in to for sub-sections. They are: Stage I Cancer is restricted. Stage II Cancer is existent in the cervix and upper vagina. Stage III Cancer is moving. Stage IV Cancer has spread to other nearby organs and parts of the body. Precautionary steps Taking precautionary steps is the right path to reduce the risk of contracting cervical cancer. Experts suggest; Avoid exposure to Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Get a HPV vaccine. Avoid smoking. Forms of Treatment Just like other forms of cancer, cervical cancer can be treated through the main forms of treatment. I.e. Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, and Targeted therapy. Surgery Determines how far the cancer has spread. Treats cancer successfully during the early stages. Radiation Treats cancer that has spread excessively. Chemotherapy Treats cervical cancer that returns after treatment. Targeted therapy Drug used with chemo to stop cancer growth. This method is still in process Current research and Potential Cures Doctors and scientists are working hard to find out the best ways to prevent and best treat cervical cancer. These methods will improve the functionality of the treatments method, detection and diagnosing. Improvements are being to screening and detection methods. Another innovative and also potential cure is called Immunotherapy, also known as biologic therapy. This is designed to boost the bodys natural defenses to fight the cancer. It uses materials either made by the body or in a laboratory to improve, target, or restore immune system function.5 References Types of Cervical Cancer | CTCA. (0001, January 01). Retrieved March 02, 2017, from http://www.cancercenter.com/cervical-cancer/types/ Cervical cancer statistics Canadian Cancer Society. (n.d.). Retrieved March 02, 2017, from http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/cervical/statistics/?region=on EPublications. (n.d.). Retrieved March 02, 2017, from https://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/cervical-cancer.html Cervical Cancer: Latest Research. Cancer.Net. N.p., 10 June 2016. Web. 02 Mar. 2017.

English Literature GCSE- Controlled Assessment Essay

Explore the ways Shakespeare and Dickens present Lady Macbeth and Miss Havisham as disturbed characters Shakespeare and Dickens both show disturbed characters in their play or novel. Shakespeare wrote Macbeth in1606, this gives us better idea of the time were they thought that witches were real and Shakespeare wrote this play because he wanted to impress the king. On the other hand Dickens didn’t want to impress anyone by writing a novel based on someone else. In Great Expectations Dickens introduces Pip as a weeping boy who is grieving over his dead family in the churchyard, immediately we can see that something is wrong and this is not normal behaviour for a child. Pip is all alone and terrified; the reader senses that something disturbing is about to happen. In the Victorian times many people believed in ghosts and the supernatural, therefore they would have expected disturbing events such as this. However, Pip is not met with ghosts nut instead faces a convict Magwitch. Ma gwitch is described as â€Å"A fearful man, all in coarse grey, with an iron on his leg.† Dickens conveys to the reader through the word â€Å"fearful† and furthermore in using the colours â€Å"grey and iron† this suggest that somebody is made of metal and is washed out of colour. An â€Å"iron† on his leg represents that he has escaped from prison and he is danger towards people. But in Great Expectations he might be disturbed but Magwitch is good hearted, Dickens shows this by making out that he is decent enough to take the blame for Pip’s theft, although Pip was terrified to meet his at first he comes to love Magwitch a good and noble man. In Macbeth, William Shakespeare describes Macbeth by a brave and noble soldier, ready to die for his king, Duncan. However when Macbeth was introduced to the three witches, they had a powerful effect on him. When he realised that what they say had become true, especially when he learns that when the three witches had said that he would become the Thane of Cawdor. The three witches were placed in a heath which tells the audience that they are not within society because they wanted to be alone and not be civilised. This suggests that the witches would have made Macbeth a disturbed character because they say things to him like â€Å"All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, thane of Glamis! All hail, Macbeth, hail to thee, thane of Cawdor! All hail, Macbeth, thou shalt be king hereafter!† this would make him a bit big headed, because he thinks more and more about being king, and he is easily persuaded to agree  to murder Duncan. Occasionally he appears weak by having strange visions, he asks a lot of questions he cannot make a decision and never really seems sure of himself. For example when he murders King Duncan he relies on his wife to find him an alibi because he was in a panic and couldn’t think straight. Later in the paly he appears to be in control more often and less dependent on his wife. For instance he plans to murder Banquo wi thout telling his wife what he his plans were, he also ignores his vision and make decisions quickly and gives orders rather than asking the questions. This suggests that Macbeth might be the most disturbed character in Macbeth because he has no control over the witches and what he feels. I think that Macbeth is a more disturbed than Pip because he was influenced by his wife to murder king Duncan and others that he was close too. He was very easy to convince, as his wife stated to kill the King he was scare at first but then agreed to it. Also when he spoke to the witches they found it easy to convince him that he would be king and everyone would obey him. This shows that Macbeth is a disturbed character because in the being of the play it shows that he was a loyal leader that fought for his king in war but during the end he became unfaithful and turned against them killing them. In Great expectations Pip wanted to become a â€Å"gentleman† because he wanted to impress Estella so she wouldn’t despise. Not knowing what this could do to him he went to London to learn manners. Pip grows shallow and conceited. This shows that he is disturbed by changing and forgetting everyone that has helping him in the past when he was all alone. Pip was taken by his Uncle Pumblechook to Satis house. Miss Havisham being left at her wedding had stopped all the clocks to the time of her ceremony, and sits in her wed ding dress. Miss Havisham had told Pip to play cards with her adopted daughter Estella, Estella is beautiful and Pip falls in love with her. But Miss Havisham has bought her up to wreak revenge on men, and Estella humiliates him. After 5 years a London Lawyer had come to visit Pip and tells him that unknown benefactor has given him a huge sum of money for Pip to become a ‘gentleman’. Pip assumes that it was Miss Havisham that had given all that money to him and wants him to marry Estella. After a while Pip receives a visitor Magwitch the convict. Magwitch made a fortune in Australia and it was him that had sent Pip the money

The Women s Rights Movement - 1339 Words

On July 19th, 1848 a convention took place in Seneca Falls, New York at Wesleyan Chapel to discuss the rights of women. Never in the history of the western civilization had a gathering like this ever taken place. Women had to fight for their right to vote, right to work, and their right to freedom. Women as a whole play a huge role in our society. Women are no less than men, so we figure they should be treated equally as men. That is exactly what Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Stanton, and many other women’s rights supporters set out to do, creating the Women’s Rights Movement. (1848-1998) Women in the 1800s through the late 1900s had to fight for their rights. The Women’s Rights Movement was a huge victory in every woman’s life, all with†¦show more content†¦They were not encouraged to vote or even have property rights. Most people believed women were less intelligent than men when it came to making a decision in politics. The perspective of women w as that men and women should be equal and, if that were true, men would not be able to treat women with respect. That only was easy enough to set them off. They wanted to remain superior. With the Women’s Rights Movement also came the 19th Amendment to the Constitution, giving women the right to vote, although many women did not. Many husbands restricted women from even being able to vote, even though it was now legal. It was said that if women were to get in on politics, they would stop marrying and having children. The men were completely against that. The 19th Amendment was passed on August 18th, 1920, which granted women the right to vote. Eight days after the 19th Amendment was ratified over 10 million women joined the electorate, making it the biggest event in American history. Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton were the original authors of the 19th Amendment. Wyoming was the first state to grant voting rights to women and also elected the first, state female gover nor. The amendment states â€Å"the right of citizens to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.† Women were so determined and focused that Congress actually passed a law on their